进口离心管道泵(美国进口品牌)
工作原理:
作圆周运动的物体受到离心力的作用,如果向心力不足或失去向心力,物体由于惯性就会沿圆周的切线方向飞出,形成所谓的离心运动,管道离心泵就是利用这种惯性离心运动而进行工作的。
给水排水工程中常用的单级管道离心泵的基本构造示意图。它主要的工作部件是叶轮1、蜗形泵壳2和带动叶轮旋转的泵轴3。蜗形泵壳的吸水口与水泵的吸水管4相连,出水口与水泵的压水管7相连。具有弯曲形叶片的叶轮安装在固定不动的泵壳内,叶轮的进口与水泵吸水管道相通。在开始抽水前,泵内和吸水管中先充满水。当动力机通过泵轴带动叶轮高速旋转时,叶轮中的水随着叶轮一起高速旋转,由于水的内聚力和叶片与水之间的摩擦力不足以形成维持水流作旋转运动的向心力,叶轮中水流逐渐向叶轮外缘流去,被甩出叶轮进人泵壳,再经扩散锥管流人水泵的压水管,由压水管道输送到管网中去。与此同时,叶轮中心处由于水被甩出而形成真空,吸水池水面作用着大气压强,吸水管中的水在此压差的作用下,沿吸水管源源不断地流入叶轮,叶轮的连续旋转,水被不断地甩出和吸入,就形成了离心泵的连续输水。
管道离心泵的工作过程,实际上是一个能量传递和转换的过程。它把动力机的机械能转换为被输送流体的动能和压能。在这个能量的传递和转换过程中,必然伴随着诸多的能量损失,这种损失越大,工作效率越低,该泵的性能就越差。
泵壳功能:
管道离心泵的泵壳是包容和输送液体的蜗壳形。它由泵盖和蜗形体组成。泵盖为泵的吸入室,其作用是将吸水管中的水以最小的损失均匀地引向叶轮。按结构吸入室可分为直锥形吸人室、环形吸人室和半螺旋形吸人室。蜗形体由蜗室和扩散锥管组成。蜗室的主要作用是汇集叶轮甩出的水流并借助其过水断面的不断增大来保持蜗室中水流速度为一常数,以减少水头损失。水由蜗室排出后,经扩散锥管流人压力管。扩散锥管的作用是降低水流的速度,把水流的部分动能转换为压能。
泵壳的进、出水接管法兰处各有一钻孔,用以安装量测泵进口和出口压力的真空表和压力表。泵壳顶部设有灌水(或抽气)孔,以便在水泵启动前用来充水或抽走泵壳内空气。泵壳底部设有放水孔,用以停泵后放空泵内积水,防止冬季结冻。泵壳底部设有与基础固定用的螺栓孔。除固定水泵的螺栓孔外,其他螺孔在水泵运行中暂时不用时,需用带螺纹的丝堵堵住。
在上述零件中,管道离心泵叶轮和泵轴是立式离心泵的转动部件,泵壳是固定部件。这两者之间有三个交接处:泵轴与泵壳之间的轴封装置、叶轮与泵壳内壁接缝处的减漏环、泵轴与泵座之间转动连接处的轴承。
(美国arcadia阿卡迪亚)
(arcadia, usa)
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